DESCARTES REN. CONTRAST OF THE MIND AND BODY

As a matter of fact, Descartes has entered idea of absolute contrast of a mind and body into philosophy that then has been named by dualism. As critics specified, having entered also concept of God, the philosopher has refused its knowledge, seeing in it something assumed, but not understood.

Descartes has lived In Holland more than 20 years. Here all its basic products, among which well-known ' Rules for a mind management ' have been created and published. During long time the scientist worked over big is concrete-scientific (and at the same time philosophical) work which was going to name ' the World '. On the basis of the principles which have developed at it of mechanics Descartes has conceived to draw a picture of all universe in the product. In the summer of 1633 when work has been almost finished, Ren has learnt that inquisition has punished Galilee for the composition published in 1632 ' Dialogue about two pivotal systems of the world - Ptolemeevoj and Kopernikovoj '. Constrained and cautious at heart the philosopher has refused the publication of the product written on the basis of the same principles, as work Galilee. Though certainly Descartes had a possibility to change ' the World ', having corrected a number of the basic moments, he has preferred not to violate the truth and has postponed the edition of the composition till the best times.

Having recovered from a shock, Descartes has continued working out of the methodology, physics, philosophy. A hard work result became ' the Reasoning on a method … ', written in French and published in 1637 It is product represents the program document in which the author has formulated both all basic questions of the philosophy, and results of the natural-science researches. Work is divided into some heads.

In ' philosophical ' section Descartes has stated the sights at the state and a society. The scientist has expressed hostility to those arrogant, in its opinion, people which see sense of the life in various public transformations and overthrow of an existing political system. The philosopher considered that it is much cleverer to learn to adapt to lacks of the state organism, than to aspire to destroy it for these destructions threaten people with huge disasters. Thus, the scientist has underlined necessity of the gradual thought over state transformations without revolutions and civil wars. The huge attention was given by Descartes and to position of a science in the state, underlining its social nature and vital necessity for a society. He repeatedly came up with idea on a duty of governors to finance difficult experiments without which new discoveries (the French government in a recognition of merits of Descartes are impossible has granted to it pension though the scientist so and has not received it).