GUTENBERG GENZFLJAJSH JOHANN. THE PRESS

For the press of pages in two columns with accurate equal fields Johann Gutenberg has prepared 290 printed characters: 47 capital letters, 63 lower case, 92 signs with reductions (abbreviations), 83 combinations of letters (ligatury) and five commas. Ligatury (ff, fl, st, 11) saved a lot of place and allowed to keep one size (font size). The master simulated the best samples of a cursive, keeping architecture of the text that visually the page was perceived filled in regular intervals. The way of publishing opened by Gutenberg remained actually invariable till the end of XVIII century

In the history of the publishing invention still dostochno it is a lot of ambiguities. For example, and to this day date of the ingenious invention of Gutenberg is not established. One of the oldest certificates known to us about the publishing invention is given Italian ' by the Chronicle ', published on September, 13th, 1483: ' How much all people who are pursuing science, should thank Germans, it is possible to tell, without being a wise man. For Johann Gutenberg, the knight from Mainz on Rhine, diligent mind in 1440 has opened art of publishing which has nowadays extended on all earth. It allows descendants to read the products of antique writers multiplied in much volumes and to buy these volumes cheap '. For 1440 as for the period of the invention of the typographical machine tool specify also other messages. Therefore to this date there ascends tradition of celebrating of anniversaries of publishing.

It is known that already in 1430th of XV century Gutenberg used glory of the skilful and versatile master. He was engaged in polishing of jewels, and also manufacturing of mirrors which in XV century did of carefully polished metal plates. This work demanded the big art, and jewellers, goldsmiths to which shop Gutenberg has been at one time attributed were engaged in it mainly. In 1438 it became Andrea Drittsena's partner and brothers Hejlmanov, Andrea and Antonija, having agreed to train their certain ' in secret arts '. All members of the organised association, including Gutenberg, have enclosed considerable means in the enterprise.

Each of them counted on fast and a guaranteed gain which did not go to any comparison with the sum of their expenses. To provide the high income unknown business ' which technical essence partners held in the strict secret should ' new, hitherto. Possibly, it is a question of the first experiences of publishing though and this hypothesis has opponents. On unknown persons for historians to the reasons the death of one of partners, Andrea Drittsena, in the end of 1438 has served as the reason of judicial suit in which course two his brothers demanded to recognise behind them property rights of the dead. With great work Johann Gutenberg managed to win process, and it remained to work in Strasbourg.