KONFUTSY. THE FORMATION BASIS

Konfutsianstvo formed an ethical basis of school education in China throughout centuries and has introduced in consciousness of the people of the Far East firm ethical standards, on force of influence on mass consciousness equal to ten bible precepts. It first of all ' five constancy ', or five virtues: philanthrophy, a call of duty, decency, a rationality and truthfulness ”. To them it is necessary to add so-called ' five communications ':

1) a sovereign and the citizen, the mister and the servant. These relations were considered as the major in a society and dominated over all the others. Unconditional fidelity and fidelity to the mister was a character basis ' the noble husband ' in konfutsianskom understanding;

2) parents and children. In these relations the indisputable rights of parents, first of all the father were underlined, and the sacred duty of children - to show filial respect;

3) the husband and the wife. Here the rights of the husband were boundless, and duties of the wife were reduced to implicit humility, exemplary behaviour and housekeeping;

4) senior and younger. Obligatory was considered not only respect for the senior on age, but also to the senior by position, a rank, a rank, skill;

5) between friends. Relations between friends should have character of sincere and disinterested mutual aid.

Unfortunately, the most progressive konfutsianskie the precepts addressed ' noble muzham ', were observed irregularly, however they formed base of moral education of the person. The hero konfutsianstva as ' is absolutely wise ', as well as its Taoist analogue, but it not embodies type of the sacred eremite-ascetic, and type of the scientist, the official, the statesman which unites in itself ' five virtues ', is modest and moderated in all. Konfutsianstvo made severe demands to the person in the morally-ethical plan, insisting on continuous spiritual and moral perfection: ' the Noble husband aspires upwards, the low person moves downwards '.