GALILEO GALILEJ

(a sort. In 1564 - mind. In 1642)

The Great Italian scientist, the physicist, the mathematician and the astronomer, the philosopher, the writer, the poet, first the adherent, and then the opponent of an astrology. A member of National Academy Lincheev (1611). One of founders of the modern experimentally-theoretical natural sciences, laid the foundation for classical mechanics. Was to the first scientists who have begun supervision of the sky by means of telescopes constructed by it. The opening in area of mechanics and astronomy has turned system of scientific views existing before.

Along with such scientists as Kopernik and Kepler, Galilej is one of the most outstanding thinkers of Renaissance. Its influence on development of mechanics, optics and astronomy is invaluable. Among scientists it has shown to the first that the tool of knowledge of the nature is systematically and expediently put experiment. A science basis - experience, believed Galilej. By means of experiments it had been established the first principles of the mechanics which has given the chance subsequently to deduce more its general laws. If organic laws of movement also have not been formulated by the scientist with that clearness from what it was made by Isaak Newton in essence the law of inertia and the law of addition of movements have been quite realised and applied by it to the decision of practical problems. It is possible to tell that the statics history begins with Archimedes, and dynamics history is opened by Galilej. Rejecting attempts sholastov to extract true from comparison of texts of recognised authorities and by abstract reasonings, he asserted that the problem of the scientist - ' … to study the great book of the nature which is the present subject of philosophy '.

In days of the childhood and a youth Galilee the representations generated still at the time of antiquity almost undividedly dominated. Some of them, for example the geometry of Evklida and Archimedes statics, have kept the value and today. However many positions of the antique science which have found in due course the status of indisputable truths, have not stood test by time and have appeared rejected when the main arbitrator in a science had been recognised experience. First of all it concerns Aristotle's natural-science representations and Ptolemeja.

These erroneous positions, and also judgements of the seminary students skilfully interpreting bible texts and creations of fathers of church, became the base ' official outlook '. Were required not only ability to courageous and independent thinking, but also courage is simple to oppose it. One of the first Galileo Galilej has ventured it.

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